Permanently funded mandatory federal support for HBCUs and other minority-serving institutions.

Would have established a specific federal criminal civil-rights violation for lynching, reviving a reform Congress had failed to enact for more than a century.

Would have imposed federal policing standards and expanded accountability measures on issues including use of force, chokeholds, no-knock warrants, data collection, and officer misconduct.

Appropriated funding for USDA to pay certain outstanding direct and guaranteed farm loan balances for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers as a response to the cumulative effects of discriminatory lending and program administration.

The Supreme Court upheld Arizona voting restrictions and adopted a narrower interpretation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.

Would have eliminated the qualified immunity defense in civil rights actions, making it easier to hold state actors personally liable for constitutional violations.

Directed federal agencies to assess whether programs and policies perpetuated systemic barriers for underserved communities.

A proposed federal voting-rights and election-administration bill designed to expand ballot access, limit partisan gerrymandering, and strengthen election protections.

Proposed legislation to reform policing practices, accountability standards, and use-of-force rules.

Created a USDA lending framework to help producers and landowners resolve heirs' property title problems that often prevent access to federal agricultural programs and make Black-owned family land vulnerable to partition sales and loss.

Proposed legislation to restore and modernize Voting Rights Act preclearance protections after Shelby County v. Holder.

Would have restored and modernized key Voting Rights Act preclearance and anti-discrimination protections weakened by Shelby County v. Holder and subsequent voting-rights litigation.

Would have prohibited discrimination based on hair texture or hairstyles commonly associated with race across employment, housing, public accommodations, and federally assisted programs.

Expanded eligibility for VA healthcare and disability benefits related to toxic exposures, including burn pits, Agent Orange-related conditions, and other service-connected harms.

Would establish a federal commission to study slavery, subsequent racial discrimination, and the continuing effects of those systems, and to recommend remedies including reparative measures.

Would have addressed USDA discrimination against Black farmers through debt relief, land-retention and land-grant support, civil-rights reforms, and equity-focused agricultural investment.

The Supreme Court held that the race-conscious admissions programs challenged at Harvard and the University of North Carolina violated constitutional and statutory equal-protection rules, sharply restricting affirmative action in higher education.