Promise Tracker Report

Black Impact Score

This score reflects documented outcomes, not campaign promises alone. It shows how presidential records affected Black communities using reviewed actions, outcomes, and source-backed evidence.

Start with the score below, then open the timeline or linked Promise Tracker records when you want more context.

13 presidents scoredOutcome-based model30 outcomes scoredoutcome-based-v1Methodology: outcome-based-v1Evidence-Based Scoring

Top Summary

A quick view of the highest and lowest net scores based on currently tracked records. Scores reflect available data and may change as additional records are added.

13 presidents included

Highest Impact

Barack Obama

80.00

Lyndon B. Johnson

80.00

Ronald Reagan

80.00

Lowest Impact

William McKinley

-80.00

Theodore Roosevelt

-80.00

Grover Cleveland

-80.00

How this was scored

This report tracks what government actions led to, checks the public evidence behind those outcomes, and rolls the documented results into a president-level score.

Outcome-based framing

1. Actions are tracked

Each score starts with public Promise Tracker records that connect a promise to actions, outcomes, and supporting sources.

2. Outcomes are classified

Reviewers classify what happened as Positive, Negative, Mixed, or Blocked based on the real effect on Black communities.

3. Sources are checked

Source support matters. Stronger public evidence gives an outcome more weight than a weaker or thinly documented record.

4. Scores are rolled up

Weighted outcomes are combined into a president-level score, so the final number reflects documented results, not campaign language alone.

Positive means helped, Negative means harmed, Mixed means both, and Blocked means the effort did not fully take effect. Only reviewed public records are included here.

Data Credibility

This score reflects currently tracked records in EquityStack. Coverage may expand as additional records and sources are added.

Higher coverageBased on 30 recordsBased on 30 outcomesoutcome-based-v1

This view reflects a broader set of currently tracked records.

How this was built

This public view rolls up curated Promise Tracker records into a president-level report. Records are manually reviewed, outcomes are evidence-backed, and the underlying source trail remains visible on each Promise Tracker page.

outcome-based-v1Scoring-ready only

Promise Records

Visible curated records in this report state

Outcomes

Documented outcomes used in this view

Source References

Visible source-backed references across the current report state

This report does not include staging items, internal admin review states, or unpublished editorial notes.

Scoring Details

Scores are based on documented real-world outcomes, not just promises or enacted laws. Each outcome is classified as positive, negative, mixed, or blocked, then weighted by evidence strength and available source support before president totals are aggregated.

Open Full Methodology

Outcome Types

Positive, Negative, Mixed, and Blocked

Evidence Weighting

Active

Stronger evidence carries more weight

Source Support

Included

Outcome records incorporate source counts

Aggregation

By President

President scores roll up from outcome-based-v1

Advanced Tools and Sharing

Open this section for timeline controls, topic or comparison filters, share links, saved states, and print or PDF tools after you have read the main report.

Topic Comparison President Comparison Debate View Experimental Views Share Report

Choose a View

Start with the standard report, then switch to the timeline when you want chronological context without changing the underlying scoring model.

Standard Report Timeline

Topic Filter

Limit the current report view to one policy topic using the records already loaded for this page.

All topics67 topics

All topics Civil Rights / Anti-Discrimination Civil Rights / Employment Access / Executive Enforcement Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement / Education Civil Rights / Military / Federal Enforcement Civil Rights / Reconstruction / Anti-Discrimination Civil Rights / Segregation / Equal Protection Climate Climate / Energy Consumer Protection / Financial Regulation Courts / Civil Rights / Representation Courts / Criminal Justice Courts / Housing / Civil Rights Courts / Judiciary Courts / Representation Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights Criminal Justice Criminal Justice / DOJ Enforcement Criminal Justice / Pretrial Detention Economic Policy / Anti-Poverty Tax Credits Economic Policy / Labor / Employment Access Economic Policy / Social Insurance Economy Education Education / HBCUs Education / HBCUs / MSIs Education / Student Debt Environmental Justice Foreign Policy / Middle East Foreign Policy / Military Government Equity Government Equity / Racial Justice Health Care Health Care / Children Health Care / Medicaid Healthcare Housing Housing / Affordability Housing / Banking / Civil Rights Housing / Civil Rights Housing / Civil Rights / Executive Enforcement Housing / Civil Rights / Federal Legislation Housing / Foreclosure Immigration / Border Security Immigration / National Security Infrastructure / Economy Labor / Workers LGBTQ Rights / Military National Security / Human Rights Policing Policing / DOJ Enforcement Public Health / COVID-19 Science / Health Taxes / Economy Trade Trade / Manufacturing Voting Rights Voting Rights / Civil Rights Voting Rights / Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement Voting Rights / Criminal Justice Voting Rights / Disenfranchisement Voting Rights / Federal Enforcement Voting Rights / Reconstruction Workers / Gender Equity Workers / Wages Workers / Wages / Economic Security Workforce

Scoring-ready view

Use this optional filter to show only records that already have outcome summaries, impact direction, and at least one linked source in the public scoring model.

30 scoring-ready30 visible records

Show All Visible Records

The current report is filtered to records with visible scoring-ready evidence.

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Use this direct link when you need to reopen the exact report state later, including filters, view mode, and comparison context.

/reports/black-impact-score?view=timeline&scoring_ready=1

Snapshot

A compact label for the current report state so it is easier to save, reuse, or share.

Timeline · OutcomePermalink-ready

Saved Snapshots

Save the current report state in this browser and reopen it later with the same link and visible mode context.

Current Snapshot

Timeline · Outcome

Timeline view · Scoring model: outcome-based-v1

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System-Level Insight

These summary signals describe the current score corpus as a whole. They help identify the dominant impact mix and the main topic area shaping the report.

outcome-based-v1

Total Outcomes

Documented outcomes included in the live model

Impact Distribution

10/7/12/1

Positive, Negative, Mixed, and Blocked counts

Dominant Topic

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Largest absolute contribution across all presidents

Built From Promise Tracker

This report summarizes Promise Tracker records into a president-level accountability view. It remains tied to the underlying promise, action, and outcome records rather than operating as a separate product surface.

Open Promise Tracker

View Methodology

This standalone scoring engine computes simple outcome-based scores, rolls them up to promises, and aggregates them to presidents without changing the live scoring system.

Evidence Weighting

low = 0.6medium = 0.8high = 1

Confidence Levels

high: Outcome has impact direction and high evidence strength.

medium: Outcome has impact direction but evidence strength is medium or unspecified.

low: Outcome data is missing, incomplete, or marked with low evidence strength.

This phase intentionally keeps mixed and blocked outcomes neutral until more detailed component logic is implemented.
Evidence strength is the only multiplier applied in this version.
The module is pure and isolated from the legacy Promise Tracker scoring pipeline.

Timeline Mode

This chronological view reuses the current report's scoring results and adds simple relationship cues where Promise Tracker records are directly connected.

30 entriesoutcome-based-v1

Causal Timeline

This view shows how scored records unfold over time and where the tracker has explicit historical relationships between them.

30 entries9 linked transitions

Grover Cleveland

Democratic Party

May 18, 1896

President score: -80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Civil Rights / Segregation / Equal Protection

Accept "separate but equal" as the governing federal posture toward segregation

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Delivered1 outcomes

William McKinley

Republican Party

Apr 25, 1898

President score: -80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Voting Rights / Disenfranchisement

Allow discriminatory voting restrictions to stand under federal constitutional review

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Delivered1 outcomesBuilds toward

Builds toward: Supreme Court denies equitable relief against Alabama voter disfranchisement claims in Giles v. Harris

Builds towardCrosses administrations

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican Party

Apr 27, 1903

President score: -80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights

Supreme Court denies equitable relief against Alabama voter disfranchisement claims in Giles v. Harris

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Failed1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Supreme Court strikes down Oklahoma's grandfather clause in Guinn v. United States

Woodrow Wilson

Democratic Party

Jun 21, 1915

President score: 53.33

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights

Myers v. Anderson invalidates Maryland's grandfather-clause voting law

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Buchanan v. Warley invalidates Louisville's residential segregation ordinance

Jun 21, 1915

President score: 53.33

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights

Supreme Court strikes down Oklahoma's grandfather clause in Guinn v. United States

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomesBuilds toward

Builds toward: Myers v. Anderson invalidates Maryland's grandfather-clause voting law

Nov 5, 1917

President score: 53.33

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Buchanan v. Warley invalidates Louisville's residential segregation ordinance

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomesLater limited by

Later limited by: Supreme Court lets enforcement of a racially restrictive housing covenant stand in Corrigan v. Buckley

Later limited byCrosses administrations

Calvin Coolidge

Republican Party

May 24, 1926

President score: -80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Supreme Court lets enforcement of a racially restrictive housing covenant stand in Corrigan v. Buckley

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Failed1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Supreme Court bars judicial enforcement of racially restrictive covenants in Shelley v. Kraemer

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Democratic Party

Jan 17, 1935

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Economic Policy / Social Insurance

Create old-age insurance and unemployment protections through Social Security

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Delivered1 outcomes

Jun 16, 1938

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Workers / Wages / Economic Security

Establish a federal minimum wage and maximum-hours standard

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Delivered1 outcomes

Harry S. Truman

Democratic Party

May 3, 1948

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Supreme Court bars judicial enforcement of racially restrictive covenants in Shelley v. Kraemer

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Act of 1968

Followed byCrosses administrations

Lyndon B. Johnson

Democratic Party

Apr 11, 1968

President score: 80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Housing / Civil Rights / Federal Legislation

Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Act of 1968

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988

Jun 17, 1968

President score: 80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Supreme Court holds that 42 U.S.C. 1982 bars private racial discrimination in property transactions in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomes

Ronald Reagan

Republican Party

Sep 13, 1988

President score: 80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Housing / Civil Rights / Federal Legislation

Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomesFollowed by

Followed by: Supreme Court holds that disparate-impact claims are cognizable under the Fair Housing Act in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.

Barack Obama

Democratic Party

Nov 4, 2008

President score: 80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Criminal Justice

Reduce the federal crack-powder sentencing disparity

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomes

Jun 25, 2015

President score: 80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Courts / Housing / Civil Rights

Supreme Court holds that disparate-impact claims are cognizable under the Fair Housing Act in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Delivered1 outcomes

Donald J. Trump

Republican Party

Sep 25, 2020

President score: -80.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Housing

Deliver stronger anti-redlining and Black homeownership gains

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Failed1 outcomes

Joseph R. Biden Jr.

Democratic Party

Jan 20, 2021

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Government Equity

Advance racial equity across federal agencies

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomes

Mar 1, 2021

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Policing

Increase federal policing accountability standards

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

In Progress1 outcomes

Jul 30, 2021

President score: 0.00

Model: outcome-based-v1

Blocked

Voting Rights

Restore stronger federal voting-rights protections

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).

Blocked1 outcomes

Donald J. Trump

Republican Party

Feb 20, 2023

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Criminal Justice

Increase federal support for state and local law enforcement

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomes

Apr 18, 2023

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Housing

Clear street encampments and expand treatment-oriented street-order responses

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomes

Aug 29, 2023

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Healthcare

Expand domestic production of critical medicines

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Partial1 outcomes

Jul 8, 2024

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Voting Rights

Require proof of citizenship and paper-ballot election safeguards

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomes

Jan 20, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Economy

End federal DEI and equity-based government programs

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

Partial1 outcomes

Jan 29, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Education

Expand educational freedom and school-choice options for families

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

Partial1 outcomes

Apr 23, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Economy

Prepare Americans for high-paying skilled trade jobs

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

In Progress1 outcomes

Apr 23, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Positive

Education

Promote excellence and innovation at HBCUs

+0.80

Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).

Partial1 outcomes

Apr 23, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Education

Reform higher-education accreditation around student outcomes

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

In Progress1 outcomes

Apr 23, 2025

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Negative

Education

Reinstate school discipline policies without equity-based disparate-impact framing

-0.80

Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).

In Progress1 outcomes

Mar 27, 2026

President score: 7.27

Model: outcome-based-v1

Mixed Impact

Workforce

Paying Our Great Transportation Security Administration Officers and Employees

0.00

Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).

In Progress1 outcomes

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