Policy • History • ImpactPromise Tracker Report
This score reflects documented outcomes, not campaign promises alone. It shows how presidential records affected Black communities using reviewed actions, outcomes, and source-backed evidence.
Start with the score below, then open the timeline or linked Promise Tracker records when you want more context.
A quick view of the highest and lowest net scores based on currently tracked records. Scores reflect available data and may change as additional records are added.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
80.00George W. Bush
80.00Jimmy Carter
80.00William McKinley
-80.00Theodore Roosevelt
-80.00Rutherford B. Hayes
-80.00This report tracks what government actions led to, checks the public evidence behind those outcomes, and rolls the documented results into a president-level score.
Each score starts with public Promise Tracker records that connect a promise to actions, outcomes, and supporting sources.
Reviewers classify what happened as Positive, Negative, Mixed, or Blocked based on the real effect on Black communities.
Source support matters. Stronger public evidence gives an outcome more weight than a weaker or thinly documented record.
Weighted outcomes are combined into a president-level score, so the final number reflects documented results, not campaign language alone.
Positive means helped, Negative means harmed, Mixed means both, and Blocked means the effort did not fully take effect. Only reviewed public records are included here.
This score reflects currently tracked records in EquityStack. Coverage may expand as additional records and sources are added.
This view reflects a broader set of currently tracked records.
This public view rolls up curated Promise Tracker records into a president-level report. Records are manually reviewed, outcomes are evidence-backed, and the underlying source trail remains visible on each Promise Tracker page.
Promise Records
94
Visible curated records in this report state
Outcomes
94
Documented outcomes used in this view
Source References
43
Visible source-backed references across the current report state
This report does not include staging items, internal admin review states, or unpublished editorial notes.
Scores are based on documented real-world outcomes, not just promises or enacted laws. Each outcome is classified as positive, negative, mixed, or blocked, then weighted by evidence strength and available source support before president totals are aggregated.
Outcome Types
4
Positive, Negative, Mixed, and Blocked
Evidence Weighting
Active
Stronger evidence carries more weight
Source Support
Included
Outcome records incorporate source counts
Aggregation
By President
President scores roll up from outcome-based-v1
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Current Snapshot
Timeline · Outcome
Timeline view · Scoring model: outcome-based-v1
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These summary signals describe the current score corpus as a whole. They help identify the dominant impact mix and the main topic area shaping the report.
Total Outcomes
94
Documented outcomes included in the live model
Impact Distribution
43/16/28/7
Positive, Negative, Mixed, and Blocked counts
Dominant Topic
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Largest absolute contribution across all presidents
This report summarizes Promise Tracker records into a president-level accountability view. It remains tied to the underlying promise, action, and outcome records rather than operating as a separate product surface.
This standalone scoring engine computes simple outcome-based scores, rolls them up to promises, and aggregates them to presidents without changing the live scoring system.
high: Outcome has impact direction and high evidence strength.
medium: Outcome has impact direction but evidence strength is medium or unspecified.
low: Outcome data is missing, incomplete, or marked with low evidence strength.
This chronological view reuses the current report's scoring results and adds simple relationship cues where Promise Tracker records are directly connected.
This view shows how scored records unfold over time and where the tracker has explicit historical relationships between them.
Ulysses S. Grant
Republican PartyMar 23, 1871
President score: 26.67
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Reconstruction
Suppress Ku Klux Klan violence and protect Black voting rightsPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Mar 1, 1875
President score: 26.67
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Reconstruction / Anti-Discrimination
Sign the Civil Rights Act of 1875Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Mar 27, 1876
President score: 26.67
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement
Allow federal enforcement to weaken after United States v. CruikshankPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican PartyMar 5, 1877
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement
Withdraw federal troops and accept Southern home rulePromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Chester A. Arthur
Republican PartyOct 15, 1883
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement
Retreat from federal civil-rights enforcement after the Civil Rights CasesPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Benjamin Harrison
Republican PartyDec 1, 1890
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Federal Enforcement
Protect Black voting rights through the Lodge Elections BillPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Grover Cleveland
Democratic PartyMay 18, 1896
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Segregation / Equal Protection
Accept "separate but equal" as the governing federal posture toward segregationPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
William McKinley
Republican PartyApr 25, 1898
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Disenfranchisement
Allow discriminatory voting restrictions to stand under federal constitutional reviewPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican PartyApr 27, 1903
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights
Supreme Court denies equitable relief against Alabama voter disfranchisement claims in Giles v. HarrisPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic PartyJun 21, 1915
President score: 53.33
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights
Myers v. Anderson invalidates Maryland's grandfather-clause voting lawPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jun 21, 1915
President score: 53.33
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Voting Rights / Civil Rights
Supreme Court strikes down Oklahoma's grandfather clause in Guinn v. United StatesPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Nov 5, 1917
President score: 53.33
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Buchanan v. Warley invalidates Louisville's residential segregation ordinancePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Calvin Coolidge
Republican PartyMay 24, 1926
President score: -80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Supreme Court lets enforcement of a racially restrictive housing covenant stand in Corrigan v. BuckleyPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Democratic PartyJan 17, 1935
President score: 0.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Economic Policy / Social Insurance
Create old-age insurance and unemployment protections through Social SecurityPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jun 16, 1938
President score: 0.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Workers / Wages / Economic Security
Establish a federal minimum wage and maximum-hours standardPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Harry S. Truman
Democratic PartyMay 3, 1948
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Supreme Court bars judicial enforcement of racially restrictive covenants in Shelley v. KraemerPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 26, 1948
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Military / Federal Enforcement
Desegregate the armed forcesPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Republican PartySep 9, 1957
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement
Sign the Civil Rights Act of 1957Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Sep 24, 1957
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement / Education
Enforce school desegregation at Little RockPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
John F. Kennedy
Democratic PartyMar 6, 1961
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Employment Access / Executive Enforcement
Issue Executive Order 10925 on equal employment opportunityPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Nov 20, 1962
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Civil Rights / Executive Enforcement
Issue Executive Order 11063 on nondiscrimination in federally assisted housingPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Lyndon B. Johnson
Democratic PartyJul 2, 1964
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Anti-Discrimination
Sign the Civil Rights Act of 1964Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Mar 15, 1965
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Civil Rights
Pass the Voting Rights Act after SelmaPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Sep 24, 1965
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Civil Rights / Employment Access / Executive Enforcement
Issue Executive Order 11246 on nondiscrimination and affirmative action in federal contractingPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jun 13, 1967
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Civil Rights / Representation
Appoint Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme CourtPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Apr 5, 1968
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Civil Rights
Pass federal fair-housing protectionsPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Apr 11, 1968
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Civil Rights / Federal Legislation
Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Act of 1968Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jun 17, 1968
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Supreme Court holds that 42 U.S.C. 1982 bars private racial discrimination in property transactions in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Richard Nixon
Republican PartyJun 27, 1969
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Economic Policy / Labor / Employment Access
Expand affirmative-action requirements in federal contractingPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jimmy Carter
Democratic PartyOct 12, 1977
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Banking / Civil Rights
Sign the Community Reinvestment ActPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Ronald Reagan
Republican PartySep 13, 1988
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Civil Rights / Federal Legislation
Congress passes and President signs the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
George W. Bush
Republican PartyJul 27, 2006
President score: 80.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Civil Rights / Federal Enforcement
Sign the Voting Rights Act Reauthorization of 2006Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Barack Obama
Democratic PartyJan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Health Care
Ban pre-existing-condition exclusionsPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
National Security / Human Rights
Close Guantanamo Bay detention facilityPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Science / Health
Ease federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell researchPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Consumer Protection / Financial Regulation
Enact a credit card bill of rightsPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Taxes / Economy
Enact a worker tax creditPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Health Care / Children
Expand children's health insurance coveragePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
LGBTQ Rights / Military
Repeal Don't Ask, Don't TellPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Taxes / Economy
Roll back Bush tax cuts for upper-income householdsPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 14, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Foreign Policy / Military
End combat-brigade deployment in IraqPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Aug 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Policing / DOJ Enforcement
Ban racial profiling in federal law enforcementPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Aug 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Labor / Workers
Make it easier for workers to unionizePromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Aug 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Workers / Gender Equity
Restore the ability to challenge pay discriminationPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Sep 16, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Foreclosure
Launch a homeowner stabilization and foreclosure-prevention effortPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Oct 1, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Civil Rights
Ban deceptive election practices and voter intimidationPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Nov 4, 2008
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Criminal Justice
Reduce the federal crack-powder sentencing disparityPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Donald J. Trump
Republican PartyMay 21, 2015
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Health Care / Medicaid
Make no cuts to MedicaidPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Jun 16, 2015
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Immigration / Border Security
Build a southern border wall and make Mexico payPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Jun 16, 2015
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Health Care
Repeal and replace the Affordable Care ActPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Barack Obama
Democratic PartyJun 25, 2015
President score: 40.00
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Housing / Civil Rights
Supreme Court holds that disparate-impact claims are cognizable under the Fair Housing Act in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc.Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Donald J. Trump
Republican PartyDec 7, 2015
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Immigration / National Security
Impose a travel ban on targeted countriesPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Mar 21, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Foreign Policy / Middle East
Move the U.S. embassy in Israel to JerusalemPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
May 18, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Judiciary
Appoint conservative Supreme Court justicesPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
May 26, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Climate / Energy
Exit the Paris climate agreementPromise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Jun 28, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Trade / Manufacturing
Replace NAFTA with a new trade dealPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jun 28, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Aug 8, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Taxes / Economy
Deliver a major federal tax cutPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Oct 27, 2016
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Education / HBCUs
Ensure long-term federal funding for HBCUsPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 30, 2018
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Criminal Justice
Pass federal criminal justice reformPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Joseph R. Biden Jr.
Democratic PartyApr 25, 2019
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Workers / Wages
Raise the federal minimum wage to $15Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Jul 28, 2019
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
LGBTQ Rights / Military
Reverse the ban on transgender military servicePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Feb 25, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Representation
Nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme CourtPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Mar 15, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Education / Student Debt
Forgive public-college tuition debt for many borrowersPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
May 14, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Climate / Energy
Revoke the Keystone XL pipeline permitPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jun 1, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Courts / Criminal Justice
Eliminate the federal death penaltyPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jun 1, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Criminal Justice / DOJ Enforcement
End the federal use of private prisons and detention centersPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jun 1, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights / Criminal Justice
Restore voting rights after felony sentences are completedPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Jul 14, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Environmental Justice
Direct 40 percent of key clean-energy benefits to disadvantaged communitiesPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 14, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Infrastructure / Economy
Pass a bipartisan infrastructure packagePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jul 14, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jul 21, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Economic Policy / Anti-Poverty Tax Credits
Expand the Child Tax Credit and make it fully refundablePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jul 21, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Housing / Affordability
Increase access to affordable housingPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 21, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Health Care
Offer a public option health insurance planPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Jul 28, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Government Equity / Racial Justice
Advance racial equity across the federal governmentPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 28, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Criminal Justice / Pretrial Detention
Eliminate cash bailPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Sep 7, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Labor / Workers
Strengthen federal labor protectionsPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Donald J. Trump
Republican PartySep 25, 2020
President score: -18.46
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Joseph R. Biden Jr.
Democratic PartyOct 19, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Education / HBCUs / MSIs
Make HBCUs and under-resourced MSIs more affordablePromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Dec 8, 2020
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Public Health / COVID-19
Deliver 100 million COVID-19 vaccine shots in the first 100 daysPromise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jan 20, 2021
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Government Equity
Advance racial equity across federal agenciesPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Mar 1, 2021
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jul 30, 2021
President score: 32.73
Model: outcome-based-v1
Voting Rights
Restore stronger federal voting-rights protectionsPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 blocked).
Donald J. Trump
Republican PartyFeb 20, 2023
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Criminal Justice
Increase federal support for state and local law enforcementPromise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Apr 18, 2023
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Aug 29, 2023
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Jul 8, 2024
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Jan 20, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Jan 29, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Apr 23, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Apr 23, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net positive across 1 scored outcomes (1 positive).
Apr 23, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
Apr 23, 2025
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes trend net negative across 1 scored outcomes (1 negative).
Mar 27, 2026
President score: 7.27
Model: outcome-based-v1
Promise outcomes are currently neutral across 1 scored outcomes (1 mixed).
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