The law expanded the Fair Housing Act's protected classes and strengthened federal enforcement mechanisms and remedies for housing discrimination.

Would have established a federal commission to examine slavery, post-emancipation discrimination, and the continuing effects of those systems, and to recommend remedies including apology and compensation.

Strengthened civil rights protections in employment and allowed for jury trials and damages in discrimination cases.

Created a federal maternal and infant health initiative focused on communities with exceptionally high infant mortality and poor maternal health outcomes.

Expanded voter registration through motor vehicle agencies and public assistance offices.

Expanded policing, prisons, and sentencing laws across the United States.

Large federal crime law that expanded policing, prisons, and sentencing measures while also including provisions like the Violence Against Women Act.

Overhauled welfare programs and imposed work requirements and time limits on benefits.

Restricted the ability of prisoners to file lawsuits regarding prison conditions.

Overhauled eligibility rules for the VA health system, broadened access to medical services, and expanded attention to women veterans, mental health, and counseling.

Black farmers sued the U.S. Department of Agriculture over decades of racial discrimination in farm credit and benefit programs and the government's failure to process civil-rights complaints fairly.

Would have protected Pigford settlement recipients from tax liability and the loss of means-tested federal benefits triggered by settlement payments arising from USDA discrimination claims.

Expanded federal oversight of education and standardized testing requirements.

The Supreme Court upheld the University of Michigan Law School's limited use of race as one factor in a holistic admissions process.

Reauthorized major provisions of the Voting Rights Act with bipartisan support.

The Supreme Court struck down certain voluntary K-12 student assignment plans that used individual racial classifications to promote school integration.

Created a major modern package of education and housing-related benefits for veterans who served after September 10, 2001, covering tuition, housing, books, and training support.

Reauthorized and expanded CHIP, increasing federal support for child coverage, outreach, enrollment, and optional coverage of low-income pregnant women.

Expanded access to health insurance through subsidies, exchanges, and Medicaid expansion options.

Implemented financial regulations and created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.