Ordered equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed services and began the formal desegregation of the military.

The Supreme Court ruled that racially restrictive housing covenants could not be enforced by courts.

Supreme Court decision holding that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

A federal court ruled that racial segregation on public buses in Alabama was unconstitutional.

Established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and used the phrase 'affirmative action' in the federal contracting context to require proactive nondiscrimination efforts by government contractors.

Directed executive departments and agencies to prevent discrimination in federally assisted housing and created a federal administrative framework for equal opportunity in housing before the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Prohibited poll taxes in federal elections.

Banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and federally funded programs.

Made the federal Food Stamp Program permanent, using nutrition assistance as a nationwide anti-poverty tool for households with low income.

Required federal contractors and subcontractors to refrain from employment discrimination and authorized the Secretary of Labor to administer and enforce equal employment opportunity obligations in federal contracting.

Expanded federal funding for colleges and financial aid programs.

Created Medicare and Medicaid while expanding older-age and public assistance programs, making federal health coverage a permanent pillar of the welfare state.

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting and targeted discriminatory barriers like literacy tests.

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The Supreme Court ruled that laws banning interracial marriage were unconstitutional.

Prohibited housing discrimination based on race and other protected categories.

The Supreme Court held that Congress could prohibit private racial discrimination in the sale or rental of property under 42 U.S.C. § 1982 and the Thirteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court ordered Southern school districts to end delays and transition immediately from dual school systems to unitary systems.

Expanded the scope of the Voting Rights Act to cover more types of voting changes.

The Supreme Court held that Title VII prohibits employment practices that are facially neutral but have a discriminatory impact unless the employer can show business necessity.