Ordered equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed services and began the formal desegregation of the military.

The Supreme Court ruled that racially restrictive housing covenants could not be enforced by courts.

Funded urban redevelopment and public housing expansion.

Supreme Court decision holding that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

A federal court ruled that racial segregation on public buses in Alabama was unconstitutional.

Launched the modern interstate highway system and accelerated massive federally backed road construction through cities and metropolitan regions across the United States.

Created the Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, with limited voting-rights enforcement provisions.

Strengthened federal inspection of voter registration records and penalties for obstructing court orders involving school desegregation.

Established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and used the phrase 'affirmative action' in the federal contracting context to require proactive nondiscrimination efforts by government contractors.

Directed executive departments and agencies to prevent discrimination in federally assisted housing and created a federal administrative framework for equal opportunity in housing before the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Prohibited poll taxes in federal elections.

Banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and federally funded programs.

Made the federal Food Stamp Program permanent, using nutrition assistance as a nationwide anti-poverty tool for households with low income.

Required federal contractors and subcontractors to refrain from employment discrimination and authorized the Secretary of Labor to administer and enforce equal employment opportunity obligations in federal contracting.

Expanded federal funding for colleges and financial aid programs.

Created Medicare and Medicaid while expanding older-age and public assistance programs, making federal health coverage a permanent pillar of the welfare state.

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting and targeted discriminatory barriers like literacy tests.

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Extended education, training, loan, and readjustment benefits to a new generation of veterans, including many who served during the Vietnam era.

The Supreme Court ruled that laws banning interracial marriage were unconstitutional.